Cruel World by Lynn Nicholas - 1292 Words

Reflective Journal Part A, Book Review, Cruel World by Lynn Nicholas This book is about the children of Europe during the Nazi reign and offers a comprehensive look at the way children were treated. Most of these children had their childhoods torn away from them by being exposed to horrors. The atrocities committed against some groups of children included sterilization, separation from families and being sent to concentration camps. I found that this book had a huge impact on me as I did not quite realise how bad life got during the Nazi era. I had always known that the Jews suffered greatly at the hands of the Nazis however that is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the huge suffering that European children in general went through in this era. The main argument of this book is to get across the horrors of the Nazi era and how they affected children. The book is a tribute to the millions of innocent victims of this terror and a way that their voices and stories can be heard. It almost seems like this book is intending to warn us of conflict but also to remind us that terrible things like this continue to happen today around the world because as Nicholas says â€Å"Even as World War II ended, new conflicts began and others have succeeded without cease, bringing horror and corruption, which stream like blood out of our televisions, to millions of children.† (Nicholas, 2005, p. 558) A strength of this book is that it does not just focus on one group of children butShow MoreRelatedPropaganda During Nazi Germany Essay3427 Words   |  14 Pageswas used to honour the German army(Moeller,2000,102) and to advocate â€Å"persistence and the importance of leadership†(Tegel,2007,p178) during the war years.Bismark(1940) and particularly Kolberg(1945),which was the last film made before the end of World War Two.The film was an appeal from Goebbels for complete sacrifice by the German people(ibid,p186) as well as to restore faith in Hilter by â€Å"celebrating the resistance of the fortress town to the invading Napoleonic armies,under the courageous leadershipRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesFeedback If you have questions related to this product, please contact our customer service department online at http:/ /247pearsoned.custhelp.com/. Acknowledgments In addition to the informal feedback that we have received from colleagues around the world, we would especially like to thank the following people who have formally reviewed material and provided valuable feedback, vital to the revision of this and previous editions: Richard Allan, University of Tennessee– Chattanooga Forrest F. Aven

Literature Review On Language Changes - 2788 Words

A Literature Review Concerning Language Changes of Appalachia Related to the Advent of the Internet Christopher Sharpe Soci 5210: Socio Research Dr. Kelly Foster October 27, 2014 A Literature Review Concerning Language Changes of Appalachia 2 A Literature Review Concerning Language Changes of Appalachia Related to the Advent of the Internet Since the introduction of the Internet a curiosity has been occurring. The day-to-day language and its usage among the people of the United States have been changing. What most would consider being slang terminology and lingo has made its way into the mainstream as well as the professional world in striking ways. Although many studies have been done looking into this issue there is very little data detailing how the Internet has changed those that are considered to be more on the fringe of modern American society, specifically that of the rural Appalachian communities. This is a topic that should be of interest to many academics and professional researchers alike. As rural Appalachia begins to be opened up to the world through the Internet how will this dialect of American English change? What changes have already taken place? As a dialect, the language of Appalachia is an interesting case in American language history. Derived from a plethora of languages and dialects spanning the majority of Northwestern Europe; primarily Germany, Northern Ireland (Scots-Irish/Ulster),Show MoreRelatedA Research Study On Health Promotion, Behavior Change1218 Words   |  5 Pages2015). A systematic literature search was undertaken to establish the importance of workplace for promotion of good health practices, particularly in a social cultural context of behavioural changes in nursing field when encountering different situation at work such as stress and bullying, and how does multicultural workplace affects behaviour of each staff. 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This process requires significant effort for the individual and requires deep critical reflection into personal belief systems, inflicted views from childhood, and questioning knowledge. The presented literature explores the origins of transformative learning theory, the importance of a strong plan etary context, and further examples of the applicationRead MoreThere Are Multiple Barriers That Prevent Recent Immigrants1543 Words   |  7 Pagesbarriers that prevent recent immigrants to Canada from accessing mental health services including culture, stigma, and affordability. One of the barriers that prevents immigrants from seeking mental health services is language proficiency (Ohtani, Suzuki, Takeuchi, Ochida, 2015). Language barriers and their implications on mental health care will be reviewed. Brisset et al. (2013) highlights the importance of dialogue between the health care practitioner and the client receiving care. 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Essentials Of Psychiatric Mental Nursing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Essentials Of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing? Answer: Introducation Communication is certainly a significant concern for every individual and the individuals must acquire or improve the skills for different types of communication. There are several sorts of communication styles which and each one has its own significance. However, the skills or the competencies regarding communication of the individuals need to be measured through diagnostic tools. I have presented my skills and competencies regarding communication in the following. Self-perceived communication competence scale (SPCC) Presenting a talk to a group of friends is always enriching to me but however when I am supposed to talk to a large meeting of acquaintance, I find it difficult. However, presenting a talk to a small group of friends becomes easy because my assertive style of communication allows me to maintain the sweet spot between being too aggressive as well as too passive. Even though, I find it difficult when it comes to present a talk to a group of strangers, my skills in assertive skill of maintaining the sweet spot between becoming too aggressive as well as passive. This means when I am assertive, when I have the confidence to interact without resorting to manipulation. I know my limits and I cannot allow myself to be pushed beyond them, as someone else wants something from us. Nonetheless, I develop a characteristic of achieving my own goals without hurting others. I scored 80 in presenting a talk to a group of acquaintances, which is comparatively a poor score to me but here I do not use t he characteristic of aggressive communication style such as frightening, explosive and unpredictable. Moreover, I am not supposed to use the language like You are crazy, you make me sick or any sarcastic language. My overall SPCC score for public is 91 and meeting is 95, which enables me to maintain a healthy communication style. Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (APRICA) Intercultural Communication skills help me to become flexible during the communication to any cultural or racial group of people. I strongly agree to the fact of being comfortable with a group of people belonging to different culture and group, as my assertive communication style help me to become comfortable with any individual belonging to any culture or group. I scored 56 in inter-cultural, which increases my confidence about the communication. Whenever I get any opportunity, I prefer to get involved in-group discussion with others belonging to different cultural group. For example, every year, I take part in cultural debates in my community where people from different cultural location visit. On the other side, I do not feel hesitate to expose my aggression if something irritates me during the conversation with friends or with the people I know for a long time. However, when interacting with a group of people belonging to different culture I remain calm and relaxed so that others would not feel uncomfortable in communicating with me. I mostly care of my non-verbal behavior such as open posture, systematic balanced, relaxed when I am supposed to start a conversation with an individual from a different culture. Non-verbal Immediacy Scale Self- Report My non-verbal Immediacy Scale score is 85, as there are certain elements that I positively follow and maintain. I have the tendency to use my hands and arm to gesture while talking to people but I avoid touching others on the shoulder or arms while talking to them. I understand that communication is one such thing that improves my efficiency in every field. I never use any such monotonous tone or dull voice while communicating to others. I realize that while talking to someone, it is important to keep an eye-to-eye contact with that person; I avoid looking over or looking away from others while talking to them. I prefer to maintain a relaxed body position while talking to others, which helps to make others comfortable during the conversation. I understand that frowning during the conversation makes other person uncomfortable or lose interest in the conversation; thereby, I do not prefer to frown during the conversation. Nevertheless, I do not move closer to people when I talk to stra ngers because I believe that such behavior could make other person uncomfortable. I strongly agree that I do have many vocal varieties when I talk to people, this means that I tend to lower my voice and speak in polite tone when I communicate with people but when talking to friends I speak with a natural tone. Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) In this particular diagnostic tool, I scored 102, which certainly a moderate sore indicating my weaknesses. I have realized that while preparing for a given speech I observe a state of nervousness in myself. As I am not used to the action of giving public speech, the word public speech makes me worried and anxious. There are some situations I faced when the lecturer in the class asked me to give a speech on a particular topic, I feel nervous if I am not prepared. In fact, if I take earlier preparation for the speech I cannot avoid the nature being of nervous. Furthermore, I observed that while starting speech in a public event, initially my heartbeat goes faster but with time, it becomes easier. As I am not used to the fact of providing public speech, I tend to experience a considerable anxiety while sitting in a room before the speech starts. Thus, I understand that I need to enhance the skills of Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety. Talkahalic Scale of Communication This diagnostic tool has wide impact of my communication and I only scored 28 in this talkhalic communication. This is because there are several elements I need to develop. I have observed that in the middle of discussion when others want my opinion, I remain silent for a while, which certainly affects the communication. However, I never felt a situation where I am compelled to keep quite. Nonetheless, when I am supposed to deliver my speech, I often carry away and forget the main theme of the topic. I realize that this happens due to lack of practices. I should have attended more debate and class session where I get the opportunity to deliver speech on a given topic. Identifying two significant communication issues presented in the findings The above-mentioned findings and analysis helps to identify that I need to avoid some fundamental skills of communication to avoid public speaking anxiety. Poor score in public speaking anxiety tool indicates that some of the elements in which I am not good. For example, my heart beats vast when I start a speech, which indicates that I go through a state of anxiety that breaks my confidence. In addition, sometimes I also observe myself dealing with the constant fear of forgetting what I am supposed to say. On the other side, I also face difficulties in compulsive communication. As I found myself remained silent in the middle of the conversation but when the topic of the conversation is familiar and the people as well, I speak like a compulsive talker. Two recent professional interactions and analyzing them with two potential communication issues The above-mentioned discussion is similar to two of the incidents of my life. After completing graduation, I joined a small firm as an intern. I was supposed to give an introductory speech on an event organized by our organization. I prepared for the speech for a week before the event starts. Eventually, when I was standing on the stage to introduce people and deliver an introductory speech, I was shaking and my voice choking and for a few moments, I remained silent to control myself, which was difficult for me. I realized that my skills of Public speaking were not effective and due to these poor skills, my performance in the event was poor. I was not happy with that performance. As I discussed above, in the middle of the speech, I get anxious if someone asks me something about the facts about my speech and at that moment, my mind goes blank. I consider this as inefficiency, which I need to avoid or should be improved. During the event, I also observed myself that certain part of the body feels very rigid and tense while delivering the speech. I also realized that only a little time in the speech makes me very tense and anxious. However, I had the belief that I have the ability to control my feeling of tensions and stress. Another incident in my internship proved my inefficiency in communication skills. Once there was a board meeting about companys production and further growth strategies. That was the first time I was invited in the board meeting. Usually, I speak a lot when talk to the people I know but in that board meeting of the people were unknown. During the meeting I was suppose to provide a new managerial concept to the board members. Nonetheless, even though I do not consider myself as a talkaholic person but in that meeting I could not present my concept in a presentable manner because I was very nervous at that moment in front of the managerial staffs of the company. I was quite when I needed to talk. However, my managers understood the concept, but they were expecting a little more from and that time I silent. Therefore, these two incidents proved my inefficiency in communication and made me realize that I need to improve. Literature Review Communication is always required to work in any competitive field. Due to the increasing level of competition, the organizations are in the rush of hiring skilled people and the communication is the most important thing that organizations firstly expect. In this context, (Goodman, Rudorfer and Maser (2017) mentioned that each individual in their course studies should complete or brush up their communication skills. In order to get a new job or work in a large project, individuals often have to be involved in professional communication or dealings. Public speaking anxiety As put forward by Paula-Prez (2013), public speaking remains as the most commonly reported fearful social situation even though a number of modern theories insists on the significance of cognitive processes particularly in the social anxiety. In this context, Varcarolis (2016) mentioned that a general statement of such theories remains as the presumption that the social anxiety usually result from the negative self-perception or the perceived evaluation by other people in the social situation. In spot of the theoretical significance of cognitions in the social phobia, a research conducted by Stubbings, Rees and Roberts (2015) indicates that less than three quarter of the studies on social phobia utilized any of the cognitive assessment. However, this happens due to the fact that many of the available cognitive measures for social anxiety remains either difficult to operate and score. On the other side, it has also been observed that public speaking remains as the most prevalent fear often observed among the people in both general populations as well as among social phobic individuals. Nevertheless, there are only few instruments that are available to reliably evaluate the range of the public speaking anxiety. In this context, Pull (2012) commented that only measures that direly review or assess the anxiety of public speaking is the Personal report of Confidence as the Speaker Questionnaire. According to Price and Anderson (2012), the individuals with the special phobia observes additional or excessive fear of negative evaluation in situations where they could be observed by other individuals during the interactions with other people. Due to this fear, the social situations are either avoided or ensured with the significant distress. A study conducted by Niles et al. (2015) on social phobia indicates that studies has progressed an its cognitive, psychological and behavioral correlates have now become the fruitful the avenues of multi-model assessment. Furthermore, it has also been studied that behavioral assessment test (BAT) for socially anxious individual generally consists of impromptu public speeches or the roles played social interaction. This can also be standardized. Hence, North, North and Coble (2015) commented that the BAT has been demonstrated to reliably elicit anxious thoughts, changes in the heart as well as blood pressure. German et al. (2016) conducted th e investigation to develop the rating system to appropriately review the overt behavior of the individuals in the social situation. Studies on the influence of talkativeness on interpersonal perception like the source credibility, leadership ability, interpersonal attraction as well as similarity have found strong and a positive linear relationship. Jamieson, Nock and Mendes (2013) opined that a more an individual talk, the more the individual is perceived to be credible and interpersonally attractive. On the other side, Shahbaz et al. (2016) in their study, mentioned the result of the studies on the association between quantity of talk as well as the interpersonal perception calls into question the concept or definition of talking too much. Hence, Day et al. (2012) also commented that the implementation of negative valence to high amount of talks could be the function of confusing communication, which remains between the quality with the communication quantity. Strategies to deal with public speaking anxiety Skills training-As put forward by Gallois and Giles (2015), skills training remains as the strategy for managing public speaking anxiety that usually focus on the learning skills that could help to enhance the specific speaking behaviors. Such skills could relate to any part of the speech making process with the inclusion of topic selection, research and organization, delivery as well as the self-evaluation. Some particular skills training like systematic desensitization could make the public speaking techniques more familiar for a particular speaker, which could lessen the uncertainty. Moreover, it has also been observed in the study conducted by Biocca and Levy (2013), focusing particular areas and then enhancing on them could build help to increase more confidence, which could further lead to more enhancements. In this context, Coopman and Lull (2014) mentioned that feedback is more significant to initiate and maintain more such positive cycle of enhancement. In this context, Varcarolis (2016) mentioned that feedback is more significant to initiate and maintain more such positive cycle of enhancement. Some breathing as well as the stretching exercise release endorphins that are bodys natural antidote to stress hormones. According to Pull (2012), deep breathing remains as the most efficient and proven way to release endorphins. According to some particular studies deep breathing could provides a general sense of relaxation as well as it can be done discretely. In order to receive the benefits of deep breathing, the individual should deep into diaphragm. Therefore, to start the breadth in gently through the nose, the individual can fill up the bottoms part of the lungs with air. During the process, the entire body could pooch out. In such situation, the individuals need to hold the breadth for four to five seconds and they could let it out. Physical relaxation exercise Strategies for managing speaking anxiety could typically help to identify its cognitive as well as behavioral elements, whereas the physical elements are left unattended. However, nonetheless, engage in physical exercise to offset general physical signs of anxiety occurred by cortisol and the release of adrenaline release. This might include the increased heart rate, flushing, high blood pressure as well as the inefficiency in speech fluency. Self-Perceived Communication Competence It was studied that the conceptualizing as well as the measurement of communication competence could create a considerable controversy. In this context, Jamieson, Nock, and Mendes (2013) mentioned that while acknowledging that it may or may not be meaningfully related to the objective external measures of communication competence. However, a study conducted by Pull (2012), in 1998, with the rationale that people make significant communication McCroskey advanced the communication competence. Moreover, the individual do this on the basis of their self-perception. Hence, the justification or the rationale has been developed or advanced by Phillips in 1968 in their reticence theory. It has also been studied that true behavior competence could be highly variable just as the function of situation and context, the talkaholic are assumed to be indifferent on the basis of the situation. Compulsive speaking- Most of the people have observed or encountered some individuals who speak more than the others do. Here, the volume, speed and the duration of their orations could leave the perplexed listener at the loss as how to deal with the incessant talker. In this context, Varcarolis (2016) mentioned that most of the listeners are usually let with feeling excluded as well as insignificant at the time of confronting with the barrage of words. According to Paula-Prez (2013), almost 4% of the adult population usually suffers from Attention Deficit Disorder, which further includes a history of earlier academic difficulties, frequent job change as well as self-reported psychological maladjustment. In this context, Pull (2012) mentioned that anxiety is another usual causation of incessant communication or speaking. Here, the individuals could be anxious to maintain contact and they could be uncomfortable with the pauses. Action Plan Type of activities Current performance Things I need to improve Time required Taking a short course on Compulsive Communication I believe that the communication that is being undertaken by me is compulsive as I feel that the people are bound to pay attention to everything I say, which actually might not be relevant to the context. In this connection, I have faced several issues in communicating with people fixing my attention on the context that is required to be focused. However, I feel that I whatever I speak might not be of any use to the people with whom I am communicating, but then again it is unfortunate that I cannot resist myself from speaking out. The compulsive communication that is being undertaken by me can be avoided through the understanding of the different requirements of the communication. A thorough understanding of the context will help in developing the essence of a good communication, which will have clarity and brevity. A clear and brief message is always more effective than a lengthy message. Therefore, I must take steps to focus more on the context, other than swimming in the shallow waters. I must understand that communication helps mainly in the development of the message and the understanding of the message as well. Therefore, I must take steps to cut short the exaggeration and make the messages brief and simple for the better understanding of the receptor of the message. The time that might be required for bringing in the change is eight to nine months depending on the improvements. Taking a session on Public Speaking Anxiety I believe I am also suffering from Glossophobia, which is actually a speech disorder in the public. At times, I have felt that the anxiety in me grows even with the thought of delivering a speech in public. The people staring at me, the lights and the pulpit bring me chills. The most important part of the impact is that my nerves seem to fail at the very thought of delivering a speech. The issues that are being faced by me are causing a distortion in the speech, which is affecting the communicative abilities. I have also observed that the fear conquers over my senses that pose a serious threat to my communicative abilities in the public. The major aspects of the change that is required to be undertaken by me is based on the eradication of the fear. I suppose, I must make serious improvements in the process of verbal communications. It is supposed to help me in maintaining a good public communication skill. The most important aspects of the change that is required to be undertaken are based on the fear that resides within the thought of delivering a speech in public. Proper understanding of the public communication skills will be helping in determining the different aspects of the change in the communicative capabilities. The time that is required for undertaking the change is most probably based on the time that will be required for the eradication of the fear. I believe that I will be requiring a training of four months and a practice of three weeks in order to fix the issue faced by me while communicating. References Biocca, F., Levy, M. R. (Eds.). (2013).Communication in the age of virtual reality. Routledge. Coopman, S. J., Lull, J. (2014).Public speaking: The evolving art. Cengage Learning. Day, A., Paquet, S., Scott, N., Hambley, L. (2012). Perceived information and communication technology (ICT) demands on employee outcomes: The moderating effect of organizational ICT support.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,17(4), 473. Gallois, C., Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory.The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction. German, K. M., Gronbeck, B. E., Ehninger, D., Monroe, A. H. (2016).Principles of public speaking. Routledge. Goodman, W. K., Rudorfer, M. V., Maser, J. D. (Eds.). (2017).Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Contemporary issues in treatment. Routledge. Jamieson, J. P., Nock, M. K., Mendes, W. B. (2013). Changing the conceptualization of stress in social anxiety disorder: Affective and physiological consequences.Clinical Psychological Science,1(4), 363-374. Niles, A. N., Craske, M. G., Lieberman, M. D., Hur, C. (2015). Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety.Behaviour research and therapy,68, 27-36. North, M. M., North, S. M., Coble, J. R. (2015). Virtual reality therapy: an effective treatment for the fear of public speaking.International Journal of Virtual Reality (IJVR),3(3), 1-6. Paula-Prez, I. (2013). Differential diagnosis between obsessive compulsive disorder and restrictive and repetitive behavioural patterns, activities and interests in autism spectrum disorders.Revista de Psiquiatra y Salud Mental (English Edition),6(4), 178-186. Price, M., Anderson, P. L. (2012). Outcome expectancy as a predictor of treatment response in cognitive behavioral therapy for public speaking fears within social anxiety disorder.Psychotherapy,49(2), 173. Pull, C. B. (2012). Current status of knowledge on public-speaking anxiety.Current opinion in psychiatry,25(1), 32-38. Shahbaz, M., Khan, M. S., Khan, R. M. I., Mustafa, G. (2016). Role of self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension for willingness to communicate in L1 and L2.Journal of Educational and Social Research,6(1), 158. Stubbings, D. R., Rees, C. S., Roberts, L. D. (2015). New Avenues to Facilitate Engagement in Psychotherapy: The Use of Videoconferencing and TextChat in a Severe Case of Obsessive?compulsive Disorder.Australian Psychologist,50(4), 265-270. Varcarolis, E. M. (2016).Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing-E-Book: A Communication Approach to Evidence-Based Care. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Penguins The Eyes Have It! Essays - Flightless Birds, Penguins

Penguins: The Eyes Have It! Myopic little men in tuxedos, or highly efficient land/water animals? Recent research indicates there's more to penguins than meets the eye. If you've every wondered what it would be like to be able to see as clearly under water as you can on land, just ask the nearest penguin.Most aquatic animals are short-sighted on land. Most terrestrial animals (and that includes us) are far-sighted under water. But researchers have discovered that penguins can apparently see equally well in both environments, because of the unique structure of their eyes. Penguins have to be able to see well under water because their diet consists mainly of plankton, molluscs, crustaceans, and the inevitable fish. Through a special slowing-down of their heart rate they're able, like many other diving animals, to stay submerged long enough to search out and chase whatever catches their fancy. On dry land, it's a different story-or has been up to now. Waddling along on their flat little feet, eyes fixed intently on the ground, penguins appear myopic, inefficient and generally out of place. In fact the reverse is true. During a recent stay on the Falkland Islands, a Canadian researcher discovered that penguins are able to recognize individuals and navigate the rocky terrain on which they live quite well. Long of body and short of leg, they probably poke their heads forward as an aid to balance. And as for looking at the ground, they're merely-like us-keeping an eye on where they're going. The human eye is adapted for aerial vision, which is why scuba divers-or even you and I in the local swimming pool-must wear goggles or a face mask to re-introduce air in front of our eyes in order to see clearly. Among vertebrates in general, the bird eye is frequently described as the most efficient. Its superior quality, combined with the fact that a large number of birds-cormorants, pelicans, seagulls, even ducks, as well as penguins-get their food from water, obviously deserved research beyond that possible in a controlled environment such as an aquarium or zoo. Professor Jacob Sivak of the University of Waterloo and his associate, Professor Howard Howland of Cornell University, had a chance to do that research recently. Their trip had but one purpose-to study the structure of penguins' eyes while observing their natural habitat. The Falkland Islands, off the coast of Argentina, offered this opportunity, being one the few areas outside Antarctica where penguins can be found in large numbers. Three of the 16 known species were located there: the Gentoo, which live on flat areas right off the beach; the Magellan (also called Jackass), which live in burrows; and the Rock-hoppers, which live among the rocks along the cliffs. The Rock-hoppers were by far the most common, having a population of well over 100,000. The general rule is, the smaller the penguin, the meaner the temperament, and the researchers did witness the odd fight. Their flippers may look pretty useless out of water, but it's not smart to play around with a penguin. Hel'll stand his ground in a face-off and if you're foolish enough to get too close, those flippers can knock you flat. Dr. Sivak and his associate, however, had little trouble. Rock- hoppers always congregate in fairly tight groups, as a defense against predatory birds such as the skua (a large seagull that thinks it's a hawk), and two more upright figures in their midst didn't seem to bother them. Standing as close to their subjects as 0.3m, the scientists used two devices: one, developed by Professor Howland, to take photographs of the penguins' eyes; the othger, developed by Dr. Sivak, to shine a series of concentric circles on the cornea and give a measurement of how reflections of objects are altered by curvature of the eye. Despite the fact all the work had to be done at night-the only time the penguins' pupils were dilated enough-the results were worth it. Comparison of the photographs with similar photos of human eyes, and study of the internal structure of the eyes of creatures discovered killed by seal lions, proved the scientists' theory that the penguin's eyes are the secret of its survival. In general terms, a penguin