Promoting Literacy to Students The Challenges and the Solutions

The issue of literacy among students has gained considerable topicality since recently. Because of its provoking matter and the challenging problems, it is worth researching. With the help of efficient solutions, literacy among students can be increased. Thus, basing the research on the theory of phonetic awareness, one can presume that the roots of low literacy rates are going to be found and that the most efficient means of improving literacy rates are going to be found.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Promoting Literacy to Students: The Challenges and the Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, the purpose of the given study is to define the major obstacles which prevent modern teaching from providing efficient knowledge about the language and the way it works. In addition, the study aims at searching for the probable solutions for the given issue and raising the literacy levels among people, as w ell as finding the ways to establish the means to teach the required rules of the English language in future efficiently. It is worth mentioning that the given research is based on solid theoretical basis and makes efficient use of the relevant sources. The research focuses on the ideas offered by National Institute for Literacy (2011) in the book Put reading first: The research building blocks for teaching children to read. Explaining the basics about the way people acquire the necessary literacy skills, the book provides an all-embracing overview of the practices which are required to make people more literate. According to the results of the research conducted by the National Institute for Literacy, it is necessary to teach the basic literacy skills at a very early age; hence, a very specific solution concerning the ideas for a training program for young children are going to be suggested. However, the other source used in the given research should also be given credit to for its extensive descriptions of the ways in which literacy can be enhanced. In his book Literacy: Help students construct their meaning, Cooper (2011) offers a large set of various practices which can lead to a considerable increase in literacy level. With the help of the colorful descriptions and striking examples, the author shows the way a child’s brain works, thus, helping to develop the which activities will enhance the students’ literacy. At present, the hypothesis for the given research concerns the active promotion of phonetic awareness. Once enhancing the students’ knowledge on phonetics, a teacher can expect an increase in literacy levels. The research is going to be designed in such a way so that the design of certain activities based on a corresponding theory should be supported with a real-life evidence (e.g., opinion polls held among teachers and the statistic data on the students’ efficiency).Advertising Looking for proposal on education? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it must be added that the research also has its limitations. Since the issue concerns the general level of literacy, the specifics of each child are not going to be taken into consideration. However, average data will still be of great help in offering solutions for the problem. Thus, it can be considered that the given research is going to be rather significant, since the issue presented above is a serious problem for the modern society. Once learning how to encourage children to read more, thus, learning more about various aspects of written language subconsciously, people will be able to pass to a different level of social development, creating the society where people are going to learn the basic principles of literacy since their early childhood. Reference List Cooper, J. D., et al. (2011) Literacy: Help students construct their meaning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Cengage Learning. National Inst itute for Literacy. (2011). Put reading first: The research building blocks  for teaching children to read. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and U. S. Department of Education. Retrieved from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/ This proposal on Promoting Literacy to Students: The Challenges and the Solutions was written and submitted by user Jul1us to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heathly Eating, Obesity and Food Industry essay

Heathly Eating, Obesity and Food Industry essay Heathly Eating, Obesity and Food Industry essay Heathly Eating, Obesity and Food Industry essayObesity is one of the major health problems nowadays. In general, obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat and obesity is defined as abnormal accumulation of fat. According to the norms of WHO, the measure for the relationship of weight and height is body mass index (BMI) which is calculated as the relation of weight (in kg) divided by the square of height (in sq.  m.) (White 100). According to WHO, persons who have BMI of 25 and more are considered to be overweight and persons whose BMI is 30 or more are obese (White 100). Excess weight and obesity have multiple negative consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, etc.Scientists started speaking about the epidemics of obesity when the number of obese and overweight people started rapidly increasing. Since 1980, the rate of obese and overweight people in the world almost doubled (White 99). In 2008, approximately 35% of all adults w ere overweight (Rigby 4207). Furthermore, the majority of people (65%) live in the regions where excess weight and obesity cause more deaths than malnutrition and underweight (Rigby 4207). There are many factors contributing to obesity, but the main causes of it are the decrease in physical activity and the increase of high-calorie foods. An important role in preventing obesity belongs to healthy eating and the choice of the right products. However, modern food industry offers many preprocessed, high-calorie and carbohydrate-rich foods. The purpose of this essay is to discuss three essays devoted to the problems of obesity, healthy eating and food industry and to illustrate that food industry is one of the major causes of the obesity epidemics in the modern world.The first essay explored in this paper is the study Food access and obesity by Martin White. According to White, one of the important causes of obesity is the availability of retailed foods and their accessibility (p.99). W hite reviews the studies devoted to social patterns of dietary intake and their relationships with retailing. It is notable that obesity correlates with low socioeconomic status. There might be different reasons of such correlation: the impact of local food choice on the diet, the impact of prices on the diet, the availability of healthier products, etc. White emphasizes the results confirmed by several studies: the availability of healthier products in supermarkets is higher than in convenience stores and local stores (White 101). This fact might partially explain the relationship between poor dietary habits and low socioeconomic status. Indeed, traveling to supermarkets and stores with better choice of products requires a car, and low-income households might not have a car or find it too expensive to travel such distances to purchase products.One more factor which influences dietary habits is eating ready-prepared food. It was determined that there were more fast-food restaurants that restaurants with healthier options in low-income areas (White 103). Furthermore, low-income households are likely to choose less expensive ready meals, which are commonly less healthy (White 103). Therefore, White claims that although there are no studies directly showing the relationship between food industry, food retailing and obesity, the combination of socioeconomic factors and retail patterns contributes to the development of obesity, especially in low-income areas.The second essay by Charles Marwick is named Food industry obfuscates healthy eating message. In this essay, Marwick shows how food companies erode the key idea of the health messages promoted by the U.S. government eating less. While the key to healthy weight is eating less (taking in less calories), food companies encourage customers to make their choice. The slogans in advertisements of food companies are modified in such a way that the message to eat less is removed, and instead the message to choose other foods is promoted. For example, the call of healthcare professionals to reduce the intake of sugar was transformed into the message choose beverages and foods that limit your intake of sugar under the pressure of sugar industry companies (Marwick 121). Marwick illustrates how the pressure of business lobbyists affects the information exchange and media coverage of important food-related questions. He argues that the contact between regulatory agencies, researchers and the society should not be mediated by businesses, since the latter tend to obfuscate certain messages in order to avoid losses. Due to the conflicts of interest between food industry and healthcare institutions, the protection of health of U.S. citizens might be under threat.The author of the third essay, Eating and obesity the new world disorder, Neville Rigby, explores the onset of obesity epidemic and various factors contributing to the increase of obesity. Among the major factors mentioned by Rigby there are fund amental shifts in the nature of a typical human diet, the dominance of agribusiness corporations, new paradigms of consumption centered around foods combining sugars and fats. Rigby also points out that less evident factors might be the major causes of the obesity epidemic epigenetics, environmental pollutants which mimic hormones and other biological causes.Rigby, like Marwick, also criticizes the advertising used by food companies which encourages consumers to choose a balanced diet (while still eating non-healthy products). Furthermore, Rigby emphasizes that the interests of food companies are against public health, obesity prevention and other disease prevention. What is clear is that the failure to implement effective measures to improve dietary health makes it certain that the obesity epidemic will remain one of the biggest threats to health in the 21st century (Rigby 4209).The key thesis of this paper is the following: food industry is one of the major causes of the obesity epidemics, and it is necessary to undertake actions at the international level in order to prevent further damage to public health and to stop the worldwide increase of obesity. Human brain evolved during the time when foods rich with fat and sugar were rare and when food was not so readily available. As a result, human beings tended to label foods with high concentration of fat and/or sugar as tasty. Currently the lifestyle of human beings has changed, and it is possible to get access to food when needed. However, a large number of foods is not healthy in the sense that these foods are very high-calorie. The instincts claim that these foods should be eaten first, and the sales of high-calorie foods soar. In reality, food companies are readily exploiting the associations of human brain to increase profits regardless of the impact of such food choice on public health.Furthermore, food companies tend to erode the messages of healthcare institutions (Marwick 121) and disrupt the releva nce of research studies by funding research studies with the results favorable for food companies. In this way, food companies are discrediting the scientific community and affect the mechanisms of protecting public health. Food and agricultural corporations tend to crowd out independent farmers who do not use aggressive agricultural technologies from the market; as a result, consumers are forced to purchase genetically modified foods, foods with nitrates and other chemical compounds. In addition, the expansion of fast-food companies and the limited choice of healthy food products in smaller retail stores leads to further deterioration of dietary choices, especially among low-income people.Therefore, it is possible to conclude that food and agricultural companies have a negative impact on public health and significantly contribute to the epidemics of obesity which is taking place worldwide. It is necessary to adopt international regulations preventing food companies from aggressive practices and to combine these regulations with educating consumers about healthy dietary habits and the dangers of obesity.