Pro-Form - Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Stars in English Grammar Star structure is a word or expression that can replace another word (or word gathering) in a sentence. The way toward subbing star structures for different words is called proformation. In English, the most widely recognized ace structures are pronouns, yet different words, (for example, here, there, thus, not, and do) can likewise work as master forms.â The genius structure is the alluding word in a sentence; the word or word bunch that is alluded to is the predecessor. Models and Observations: My grandma began strolling five miles every day when she was sixty. Shes 97 now, and we dont know where the damnation she is.  (American humorist Ellen DeGeneres)Our father ...returned the morning and disclosed to us he had discovered lodgings, thus we went there. They were east of the harbor, off Lot Street, at the rear of a house which had seen better days. (Margaret Atwood, Alias Grace. McClelland Stewart, 1996)One day in English class I passed Bill Hilgendorff a note. I love you, the note said. He collapsed it up and looked straight ahead. At that point I murmured to him that he could carry on with as long as he can remember long and nobody could ever cherish him as I did. I thought this was an astonishing and brave and powerful thing to do. (Tereze Glã ¼ck, May You Live in Interesting Times. College of Iowa Press, 1995)We had offers to play in Hong Kong, and I generally needed to go there, yet I wouldnt consent to do it since it wasnt going to add any more benefit to the tour. (Johnny Ramone, Commando: The Autobiography of Johnny Ramone. Abrams, 2012) At the point when the tzar was situated, every other person sat, thus did we. (L. E. Modesitt, Jr., Ghost of the White Nights. Tor Books, 2001)Boldly, Stein jumps from her short history of open source to the eventual fate of Canadian federalism. One may have anticipated that her should build up her contention toward situation IV, however lamentably she did not. (Ruth Hubbard and Gilles Paquet, The Black Hole of Public Administration. College of Ottawa Press, 2010)Im glad for the numerous ways youre developing, and I trust you are, too. (Fred Rogers, Dear Mr. Rogers. Penguin, 1996) Rogers, Does It Ever Rain in Your Neighborhood?: Letters to Mr.People happily blended the otherworldly and the unremarkable, and I did as well. (Gwendolyn M. Parker, Trespassing: My Sojourn in the Halls of Privilege. Houghton Mifflin, 1997) So and Not as Pro-Formsâ In some cases ace structures speak to less plainly recognizable constituents: (6) He may choose to go along with us one week from now, yet I dont think so.(7) Speaker A: Will he go along with us next week?Speaker B: I would like to think not. In (6) the qualifier so speaks to the former statement yet with a suitable difference in administrator: . . . be that as it may, I dont figure he will go along with us one week from now. In (7), the modifier not speaks to the entire of the previous condition yet transforms it into a negative proclamation: . . . I trust he won't go along with us next week. (Carl Bache, Mastering English: An Advanced Grammar for Non-Native and Native Speakers. Walter de Gruyter, 1997) Do as a Pro-Form Do is utilized as an expert structure when the predicate itself and all the supplements which tail it are omitted (Jack hurt himself getting water, and Jill did, as well). On the off chance that another assistant is available, the genius structure do is less normal (Has Jack harmed himself? Truly, he has; additionally, Yes, he has done . . .). Note that the professional structure do isn't a similar lexeme as the assistant do; the last has just the structures do, does, did while the ace structure has these just as done and doing. (Stephan Gramley and Kurt-Michael Ptzold, A Survey of Modern English, second ed. Routledge, 2004)